Merocrine secretion from serous cutaneous glands in Rana esculenta complex and Rana iberica. Osteology, skeletal development, and chondrocranial structure of Hamptophryne boliviana (Anura: Mi-crohylidae). Development of the suprarostral plate of pipoid frogs. Phylogenetic relationships of the pipid frogs Xenopus and Silurana: An integration of ribosomal DNA and morphology. Concepts and tests of homology in the cladistic paradigm. On the mechanism of respiration in the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana. Functional morphology of the jaw apparatus of larval and metamorphosing Rana temporaria. A new organ and sternal morphology in toads (Anura: Bufonidae): Descriptions, taxonomic distribution, and evolution. Phylogenetic relationships of the family Hylidae with emphasis on the relationships in the subfamily Hylinae (Amphibia: Anura). Phylogenetic systematics and biogeography of the poison frogs: Evidence form mitochondrial DNA sequences. Quantitative characters in phylogenetic analysis. A re-evaluation of the phylogeny of Old World treefrogs. Evolution of pipoid frogs: Morphology and phylogenetic relationships of Pseudhymenochirus.Īltig, R. Evolution of pipoid frogs: Intergeneric relationships of the aquatic frog family Pipidae (Anura). Architecture: Cranial and axial musculoskelton. Variation in the foot muscles of frogs of the family Myobatrachidae. Variation in the hand and superficial throat musculature of Neotropical leptodactylid frogs. Pointing the way: The distribution and evolution of some characters of the finger muscles of frogs. Amphibians as indicators of early Tertiary “Out-of-India” dispersal of vertebrates. Ontogeny of cranial ossification in the small-mouthed salamander, Ambystoma texanum (Matthes). Urban & Schwarzenberg, München,īrandon, R.A. Systematic relationships of the Mantellinae Laurent 1946 (Anura Ranoidea). Evolutionary mechanisms of rib loss in anurans: A comparative developmental approach. Supra-specific taxa as terminals in cladistic analysis: Implicit assumptions of monophyly and a comparison of methods. In: Field Guide to North American Reptiles and Amphibians. The presence of phyllomedusine melanosomes and pigments in Australian hylids. Diversity: Familial and generic characterizations. Guilds of anuran larvae: Relationships among developmental modes, morphologies, and habitat. The “Hylidae” was paraphyletic, and hyline species were paraphyletic with respect to the Pseudinae.Hemisus clearly was in a clade with the Hyperoliidae and is proposed to be included in that family.Scaphiophryne was conrmed as basal taxon within the Microhylidae.Compared to the larval stages of the most recent common ancestor of anurans, members of the Scoptanura (microhylids except scaphiophrynines)have accumulated the highest number of apomorphic character states in anuran evolution. The resolution of basal neobatrachian splits remained labile, although some subclades within the Neobatrachia were robustly supported. This paper presents larval evidence and evaluates its contribution to the discussion of frog phylogeny 136 larval characters,6 reproductive biology characters, and 14 adult morphology characters were scored for 81 frog and 4 caudate species.More than 90% of the data matrix entries represent original data derived from personal direct examination of specimens.Some larval characters are described for the rest time and many others have not been assessed for specic taxa or in a broad phylogenetic context before.Ho- moplasy appears common in this and other amphibian morphological data sets.The data supported and conrmed various well- known clades, among others the Anura, Bufonidae, Ceratophryinae, Discoglossidae, Dendrobatidae, Hyperoliidae, Microhylidae, South American microhylids, Phyllomedusinae, Pseudinae, Pipoidea, Pipidae, and Scoptanura.The Ascaphidae was sister group to all other anurans and the Pipoidea was placed more basally than in some previous analyses.The Eurasian pelobatids formed a clade, whereas Spea and Pelodytes did not group robustly with them.Pelobatoid frogs emerged as a paraphyletic “transitional” assemblage including Heleophryne.
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